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War, money problems, government troubles, is only some reasons for poverty in Sudan. Sudan is in poverty, and it has been for the last 15 years. Sudan has been in a war the southern regions for over 2 decades. The government doesn’t know how to manage money. The people of Sudan have little medical attention, very little food, no water, clothes, and money. Some people of Sudan have no homes.

Sudan is Africa’s biggest country. Sudan is located by northern Africa. It boarders the Red Sea and it is South of Egypt. Food is so scarce that during droughts, people are dying. The climate is tropical in the south, and it is arid in the north. “Hard climate conditions and lack of natural resources were always responsible for the poor life conditions,”(National Encyclopedia,1)

Sudan‘s environment has difficulties too. Out of the whole world, Sudan was rated 61st among the least developed nations, by the Human Development Programmer’s Human Development Index. A shortage of drinkable water for farming and human dwelling in much of Sudan. Only about sixty nine percent of the nations rural people have pure drinking water. Sudan has a shortage of drinkable water for farming and human uses in much of Sudan. Ninety four percent of it is used for farming and one percent is used for family purposes. Serious health problems are caused by diseases carried in the water supply. Only about 69 percent of the nation%26#039;s rural people have pure drinking water. Eighty six percent of its city people have pure drinking water. The water is also polluted by oil and sewage. Due to uncontrolled hunting, the nation%26#039;s wildlife is in danger. In 2001, twenty one mammal types and nine bird types were, and still are rare, as well as two types of plants.

The population this year is 39,379,358 people. The growth rate is 2.082%. Fifteen people out of every one thousand people die. Some people die from wars, health, or just from old age. To escape the difficult conditions, many people have fled to other counties. “It is difficult for international aid or health-care organizations to provide care for the southern Sudanese because of the civil war.” (National Encyclopedia)

The diseases in Sudan make life harder. Four thundered people in Sudan had HIV/AIDS and twenty three thousand people died from it. Just a few diseases are bacterial and diarrhea. Hepatitis A is another. They also have typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a life threatening disease that is caused by bacteria sent through water. The people of Sudan can also get meningitis. “It is difficult for international aid or health-care organizations to provide care for southern Sudanese because of the civil war,” (National Enyclopedia). The United States has been the most important giver of money/aid to the south.

Sudan has been in consistent wars that have lasted for 15 years. The wars have been so bad, the United Nation has decided to step in. In 2005, 8,291,695 men ages 18-49 could serve for the army. For women (ages 18-49), 8, 13,683 could serve. In 2002, Sudanese armed forces totaled just about one hundred seventeen thundered. The army had about the strength of 112,500 and the navy had one thousand five hundred recruits and. The air force had three thousand recruits. Defense costs in 2001 were around $581 million dollars.

In 2002, twenty million people lived under the poverty line and didn’t get paid one US dollar per day. Only little groups of people, loyal to the government would be considered rich. The people that have more money in Sudan live in Khartoum, Port Sudan, and near the Nile River, where the things are a bit better. In 2000, more than half the people were living under the poverty line. In 2004 around forty percent of the population was in poverty and in 2007, eighty five percent of the rural population are living in extreme poverty. In southern region, it is more remote, so it is harder to estimate the poverty levels.

Sudan has very many government branches. The Government of National Unity (GNU), the National Congress Party (NCP), and Sudan’s People Liberation Movement (SPLM) are all part of the government. But Provisional Government established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in January 2005, so that is their main government. In 1991 the legal system was based on English common law and Islamic law. The Revolutionary Command Council forced the Islamic law in the northern states. The Islamic law applies in all of the northern states, even though it doesn’t apply in the southern states. “…But the country%26#039;s political instability and internal conflict has increased the poverty,” (National Encyclopedia). As for the IFAD, they have a different thought. They think that, “Inadequate development strategies, slow adaptation to climatic volatility, and erosion of natural resources are the root causes of poverty. These causes have also fuelled the prolonged civil conflicts that have had a devastating effect on the rural population,” (IFDA).

The external debt of the government in 2006 was 29.69 billion dollars. The public debt was around 59.6 percent of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2006. But in 2007, the external debt was 29,690 thousand. In 2003, the external debt was only 15,800 thousand. Their inflation rate in 1999 was 19.7 percent. In 2006 it was on nine percent. That means their getting better in a way. In 1981, Sudan%26#039;s debt load was probably at 4 billion United State dollars. “Sudan continues to have limited international credit resources as over seventy five percent of Sudan%26#039;s debt of $24.9 billion is in arrears and Khartoum%26#039;s continued prosecution of the civil war works to isolate Sudan,” (Map Zones)

“twenty six percent of the population is not expected to survive to more than fourty years of age. Comparatively, in Egypt the number is only 9.9 percent and in China 7.7 percent. The

early death of so many Sudanese can be traced to the violence but also the lack of basic necessities. About 27 percent of the population do not have access to safe water (in Egypt, 13 percent); 30 percent have no access to health services (in Egypt, 1 percent). For children under the age of 5, 34 percent are underweight (in Egypt, 12 percent),” (National Encyclopedia).

The economy doesn’t invest wisely. Although, in 1999 they started exploiting their crude oil. That helped even out the exchange rate. In January, 2007, the Sudanese Pound was introduced. The government was planing on “phasing out” the Sudanese Dinar by this July. 1 Another thing is the agriculture. Farmers have no water because of the persistant doughts and famine! In the late 1990s agriculture occupied around 80% of the employees, but contributed only 33% of the GDP. “An estimated 5% of potential arable land is cultivated and less than 1% is irrigated.” says iss.co.za. In the past, the U.S., Kuwait, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, The Netherlands, and other Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have supplied most of Sudan’s financial help. However, as Sudan became the world’s largest debtor to the World Bank and IMF by 1993, its bond with the international financial institutions sky-rocketed in the mid-1990s and hasn’t been fully changed.

Sudan will need extraordinary levels of program aid and debt relief to direct a foreign debt over

and above $21 billion, more than the country’s entire annual domestic product.

In 2005, a peace agreement that ended 21 years of civil war was signed. Regardless of that, the children face wartime-levels of sexual violence. Tens of thousands of children get hurt or die, and improvements of the security and access to service are not really noticeable. %26quot;The perpetrators have changed, but the aggregate of cases is the same as during the war -- a statistician would tell you there is no difference,%26quot; said Sarah Spencer, spokeswoman for the Watchlist. It’s not any better than four years ago. It’s still the same. They face sharia law. That means that the victim must present four witnesses to prove that they got raped. If they don’t, well they can be charged w/ adultery in extreme cases. Thousands of innocent children face the danger of sexual abuse, abduction, armed attacks, torture, mutilation, and forced displacement. “Those who don’t die from starvation face the horrors of life under radical Islam: Women and children are taken as slaves and concubines and forced to convert to Islam. Young Christian men are also forced to convert — and then forced into the Sudanese army. Even children are driven into what Sudan’s government calls “the Lord’s Resistance Army,” in which mere youngsters are forced to participate in the kidnapping, assault and murder of other children.” (Boundless)

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Power corrupts and evil is visited on innocent people. It%26#039;s an unfortunate testimony to the human condition.